The continent is endowed with a rich agrobiodiversity and has excellent potential for self-sufficiency in food production. At the same time, factors such as poor soils, land degradation, climate change, lack of access to fertilizers, poor agricultural infrastructures, banditry, and insurgency impede sustainable agriculture. This burgeoning figure is mounting pressure on food production. Efforts made in this regard and the challenges of these approaches were also discussed.Īfrica’s population is currently estimated above 1.3 billion, and it is expected to hit 2.5 billion by the year 2050 ( Fischer et al., 2009 Paliwal et al., 2021). Advanced omics technologies, speed breeding, as well as the application of genome editing techniques, could significantly enhance the genetic improvement of these useful but underutilized legumes. More so, this article discusses some of the nutraceutical potentials of the orphan legumes, their global adaptability, and modern plant breeding strategies that could be deployed to develop superior phenotypes to enrich the landraces. This review unveils inherent values in orphan legumes needing focus for exploitation viz-a- viz cultivation, commercialization, and social acceptance. Given the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) of zero hunger, improved nutrition, health, and sustainable agriculture, the need to introduce these crops into food systems in SSA and other poverty-prone regions of the world is now more compelling than ever. These legumes’ vast genetic resources and economic utility are grossly under-exploited, but their values and promising impacts are immeasurable. ![]() Though many research organizations and scientists have made efforts to promote the improvement and utilization of these orphan legumes, there is still more to be done. Research efforts on these crops have not attained a reasonable comparative status with most commercial crops. Remarkably, the orphan legumes are climate-smart crops with enormous agronomic features which foster sustainable livelihood. The major staple crops are declining in yield partly to their inability to adapt to the continuously changing climatic conditions. Overdependence on only a few major staple crops is increasingly promoting the near extinction of many crops, especially orphan legumes, which possess immense potentials as protein and nutritional security crops. More so, insurgency, youth restiveness, and politico-economic instability amidst a burgeoning population requiring a sufficient and healthy diet remain front-burner issues in the region. ![]() The effects of climate change, drought, and unpredictable rainfall patterns threaten food production and sustainable agriculture. Features NOT included in the Call of Duty: Black Ops III Multiplayer Starter Pack: Zombies game mode Campaign game mode Ability to play in Multiplayer custom games Ability to Prestige (your level will be capped at 55 in the Starter Pack) Access to mod tools or modded content (once released) Access to unranked server browser (once released) Ability to Fresh Start your profile The ability to access Dead Ops Arcade II and Nightmares mode.Poverty, food, and nutrition insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have become major concerns in recent times. ![]() Below is a list of features not available in the Multiplayer Starter Pack.Īt any time, you can upgrade to a full version of Call of Duty: Black Ops III, and the price you paid for the Starter Pack will automatically be deducted from the price of the full game or Digital Deluxe Edition. For the complete Call of Duty: Black Ops III experience, you will need to upgrade to the full version of the game. ![]() The Multiplayer Starter Pack gives you access to Public Ranked Multiplayer matches and features including Weapon Paint Shop, Gunsmith, Arena, Freerun, Theater, and the Black Market. This is a Multiplayer-only version of Black Ops III that has limited content. The Call of Duty: Black Ops III Multiplayer Starter Pack allows you to experience the ranked Multiplayer game mode of Black Ops III.
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